efficient one-pot synthesis of pyrazoles catalyzed by nano-crystalline solid acid catalyst

an efficient and green protocol for the synthesis of pyrazoles derivatives by one-pot reaction of different 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds with hydrazines/hydrazides has been developed using nano-sulfated zirconia, nano-structured zno, nano-g-alumina and nano-zsm-5 zeolites, as the catalyst. the optical properties of the nano-structured catalysts and organic molecules were studied. the advantages of methods are short reaction times and milder conditions, easy work-up and purification of products by non-chromatographic methods. the catalysts can be recovered for subsequent reactions and reused without any appreciable loss of efficiency.